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Differentiating between large-cap and small-cap is another popular way to segment the US stock market (next to growth and value).
The term 'cap' refers to market capitalization and is calculated by multiplying the price of a stock by its number of shares outstanding.
Large-cap stocks are generally considered as less risky. These tend to be companies that are very stable and dominate their industry.
Small-cap stocks are generally considered to be riskier and more profitable than larce-cap stocks. Many small caps are young companies with significant growth potential but also a higher risk of failure.
The ratio in the chart above divides the Wilshire US Large-Cap Index by the Wilshire US Small-Cap Index. When the ratio rises, large-cap stocks outperform small-cap stocks - and when it falls, small-cap stocks outperform large-cap stocks. The ratio peaked in 1999 during the dot-com mania.
Together, the components of the Wilshire US Large-Cap Index, Wilshire US Small-Cap Index and Wilshire US Micro-Cap comprise the Wilshire 5000 without gaps or overlaps.
The Wilshire 5000 is the broadest of all listed indices on this page. It measures the performance of all U.S. equity securities with readily available price data.
The Willshire Large-Cap includes the top 750 ranked components of the Wilshire 5000 index measured by market capitalization.
The Willshire Mid-Cap includes the components between 500 and 1000 measured by market capitalization. Therefore it's considered a benchmark for mid-cap stocks. The components of the Wilshire US Mid-Cap are the bottom 250 Wilshire US Large-Cap securities and the top 250 Wilshire US Small-Cap securities by capitalization.
The Willshire Small-Cap includes the components between 750 and 2500 measured by market capitalization.
The Willshire Micro-Cap includes the components ranked below 2500 measured by market capitalization.