The Business Cycle

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Interpretation

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle, refers to the fluctuations in economic activity that an economy experiences over time. It typically consists of four main phases: expansion, peak, contraction (or recession), and trough. The cycle can be measured and reflected in various economic indicators such as GDP growth, employment data, consumer confidence, leading indicators, stock market performances, interest rates, commodity prices, and sector performance. These indicators can be visualized in charts that reflect the cyclical patterns of rising and falling economic activity.
The causes of economic cycles are complex, involving factors such as fluctuations in aggregate demand (consumer spending, business investment, government spending), monetary influences (interest rates, credit availability), and external shocks (technological changes, natural disasters, political events). Psychological factors like confidence and speculation, as well as structural shifts (demographic changes, industry transformations) and supply-side elements (productivity, resource availability), also play a role.

Further Information

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